球囊后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨球囊后凸成形术对骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性随访2005～2007年采用经皮球囊后凸椎体成形术治疗老年人骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折27例,43个椎体,测量术前术后骨折椎体的后凸角度,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较患者术前和术后的疼痛变化.结果 本组病例均能耐受该手术,有5个椎体出现轻度骨水泥渗漏,但患者没有临床症状.术前术后脊柱X线片显示椎体高度有所恢复,脊柱后凸畸形改善,术前椎体后凸角度(19.7±7.2)°,术后(11.6±5.3)°,所有患者疼痛明显缓解,疼痛视觉模拟评分由术前8.0±1.3下降至术后3.7±1.5.结论 球囊后凸成形术能够有效地控制骨折疏松椎体压缩性骨折导致的疼痛,并可以部分恢复椎体高度和脊柱后凸畸形,有利于改善脊柱的功能,提高患者的生活质量.     

经皮椎体穿刺定位导向装置的临床应用研究

目的评价临床应用经皮椎体定位导向装置的效果。方法对13例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折病人行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术时应用经皮椎体穿刺定位导向装置，其中男性5例，女性8例，T8 1例，T9 1例，T12 3例，L1 4例，L2 1例，L3、L4、L5各1例。椎体均压缩1／2以上。结果球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术应用经皮椎体穿刺定位导向装置可明显缩短手术时间，提高穿刺准确率，明显减少C型臂X线机的投照次数。结论经皮椎体穿刺定位导向装置是经皮椎体穿刺操作的有益辅助手段。     

CT导向下经皮臭氧注射腰椎间盘溶解术的临床研究

目的：研究CT引导下臭氧注射腰椎间盘溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的价值。方法：136例腰椎间盘突出症患者,经CT或MRI证实,保守治疗3月以上无效。手术在严格的无菌条件下进行。局麻,CT导向下用18 G穿刺针穿刺病变椎间盘并注射浓度为50μg/ml的臭氧气体20 ml,必要时在退针至椎间孔附近时,向椎旁组织内注入臭氧10 ml。依据Mac-Nab腰腿痛手术评价标准评价治疗效果。分析患者年龄、病程、突出程度、是否累及多个椎间盘等相关因素对疗效的影响。结果：136例患者随访3～24月,显效56例（41.2%）,有效69例（50.7%）,无效11例（8%）,总有效率近92%。术后无1例并发症。结论：CT引导下经皮臭氧注射腰椎间盘溶解术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种安全有效的微创方法。     

急性创伤性胸腰椎骨折的经皮后凸成形术治疗

目的:评价经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗急性创伤性胸腰椎骨折的初步临床疗效。方法:采用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗19例急性创伤性椎体骨折患者,均为单椎体骨折,其中楔形压缩型骨折11例,稳定爆裂型骨折8例,术后对患者的疼痛、日常功能以及影像学结果进行分析。结果:随访10~24月,所有患者腰背疼痛明显缓解或消失,椎体高度较术前明显改善,无1例出现并发症,并于1周内出院。结论:对于急性创伤性胸腰椎骨折,只要病例选择合适,经皮椎体后凸成形术可有效缓解疼痛、恢复创伤椎体高度及患者劳动能力,是一种安全、高效的治疗方法。     

Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of very severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a case-control study

Background Context

Controversy exists regarding percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PBK) in patients with a very severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (vsOVCF).

Vertebral Fragility Fractures (VFF)—Who,when and how to operate

Vertebral Fragility Fractures (VFF) are common and lead to pain, long term disability and increased mortality. Most patients will have mild to moderate pain symptoms and can be managed conservatively. However, patients with severe pain who have minimal or no pain relief with potent analgesia, or who only achieve adequate pain relief with high doses of morphine based analgesia which results in significant adverse events, should be considered for vertebral augmentation. Ideally, for vertebral augmentation, patients should present within four months of the fracture (onset of acute pain) and have at least 3 weeks of failure of conservative treatment although early intervention may be more appropriate for hospitalised patients, who tend to be older, more frail and likely to be less tolerant to the adverse effects of conservative treatment.The Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) recommends Percutaneous Vertebroplasty as the first line surgical augmentation technique for VFF in older people, which has been shown to improve pain symptoms, allow early restoration of functional mobility and may reduce the risk of further vertebral collapse. CIRSE recommends percutaneous Balloon Kyphoplasty as second line treatment in VFF, although the optimal indication is for acute traumatic vertebral fractures (less than 7–10 days) in younger people. Assessment and treatment of underlying osteoporosis is important to reduce the risk of further fractures in older people with VFF.     

Recompression of vertebral body after balloon kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the factors that affect recompression of operated vertebrae after percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and assess their clinical importance. PKP has been used for VCFs with satisfactory results. Several studies about subsequent VCFs adjacent to cemented vertebrae have been reported after PKP. However, the presence and significance of recompression of operated vertebrae have not been adequately described. In total, 80 patients treated with PKP for single thoracolumbar VCFs were reviewed. The follow-up period was at least 1 year. Patients were divided into those without recompression (maintained group, n = 70) and those with recompression (recompressed group, n = 10). Plain roentgenography (preoperative, operative, and last), preoperative BMD, and preoperative MRI were checked. Age, gender, T-score in BMD, duration of symptom, compression rate (CR) of VCF, reduction rate, kyphotic angle (KA), reduction angle, intervertebral cleft (IVC), and non-PMMA-endplate-contact (NPEC) were evaluated. To evaluate the clinical results, we checked the VAS score at each follow-up period. All data were analyzed statistically. The CR for the recompressed group increased significantly after surgery and decreased at the last follow-up (p < 0.05). The last CR was not significantly different from the preoperative CR. The KA showed the same pattern. The preoperative, postoperative, and last VAS scores were significantly different from one another in both groups (p < 0.05). Between the groups, preoperative KA, postoperative KA, last KA, IVC, and NPEC were significantly different (p < 0.05). In particular, last KA, IVC, and NPEC showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001). In a correlation test for the evaluated factors, IVC (r = 0.557) and NPEC (r = 0.496) were the most significant. The presence of IVC and NPEC may play an important role in inducing recompression of treated vertebrae after PKP. Careful observation of patients with these conditions is necessary to prevent deterioration of their clinical course.     

椎体后凸成形术与椎体成形术的比较

目的：通过脊椎标本的离体试验比较椎体后凸成形术与椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折的效果。方法：20个骨质疏松性脊椎标本,相邻脊椎配对后随机分配到球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术组（KP组）及椎体成形术组（VP组）。椎体轴向加载后复制成压缩性骨折模型。两组标本分别按照KP或VP标准技术注入骨水泥。观察椎体原始状态、复制骨折模型及KP或VP治疗后的椎体高度,同时行CT扫描,观察骨折复位、骨水泥分布及渗漏情况。结果：KP组可恢复骨折椎体丢失高度的88％;VP组仅恢复29％,差异显著（P〈0．01）。KP组骨水泥在椎体内的分布呈团块状,未发现有骨水泥外渗漏;而VP组骨水泥分布不规则,4个椎体标本出现骨水泥外渗漏。结论：对于体外椎体骨折模型椎体高度的恢复和减少骨水泥渗漏,KP明显优于VP。     

球囊扩张与SKY扩张经皮椎体后凸成形术比较

目的：比较球囊扩张与SKY扩张经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的效果。方法：2004年6月～2008年6月应用Kyphon球囊和SKY扩张器行PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折61例80个椎体．其中球囊组41例52个椎体,SKY组20例28个椎体。术前、术后和随访时行疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）,并拍摄X线片测量伤椎高度、Cobb角等指标。结善：注射量：平均每椎2．5—6．5ml,球囊组4．5ml,SKY组4．0ml。两组患者术后VAS评分较术前都有明显下降（P〈0．01）,疼痛缓解在术后2—72h内,平均12h。术后两组伤椎前缘、中部、后缘高度恢复为1．7—2．9mm,恢复率为29．4％-8．8％;伤椎高度、后凸角及Cobb角两组均较术前恢复（P〈0．01）,但恢复度两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。随访时伤椎高度无明显丢失。骨水泥未见松动。结论：球囊扩张与SKY扩张PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折均能迅速缓解疼痛,并部分恢复椎体高度、矫正后凸畸形,球囊组灌注剂充填量稍多,但两组复位情况无显著性差异。     

单侧椎弓根外途径椎体后凸成形术治疗胸椎骨质疏松性压缩性骨折

目的探讨经椎弓根外途径椎体后凸成形术治疗胸椎骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的疗效及安全性。方法分析2008年1月至2009年1月期间对16例胸椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折椎体行单侧椎弓根外途径椎体后凸成形术患者,MRI确定责任椎体22个。记录手术时间及透视次数。采用视觉模拟评分、Oswstry功能障碍指数评估患者手术前后及末次随访时的疼痛程度及日常功能。通过X线测量评估患者术前、术后椎体高度及后凸畸形纠正情况。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,1例患者出现少量椎间隙骨水泥渗漏,但无症状性并发症,1例患者出现肋间神经受损的症状。平均手术时间为31 min,透视次数为19.1次。术后胸背痛明显缓解,随访12～24个月（平均14.2个月）。VAS评分术前为（8.2±1.1）分,术后3 d时为（2.6±0.8）分,末次随访时为（2.8±1.1）分。ODI评分术前为（69.2±1.2）分,术后3 d时为（32.2±1.1）分,末次随访时为（35.1±1.8）分。术后椎体前缘高度、中部高度及Cobb＇s角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论经椎弓根外途径椎体后凸成形术治疗胸椎骨质疏松性压缩性骨折是有效的,能减少术者及患者的放射暴露时间。